Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essays - 2706 Words

Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Frankenstein is back to the role of narrator. He is bewildered and perplexed. The creature desires a female as his right. The latter part of the tale has enraged Victor, and he refuses the request. The creature counters that he is malicious because of misery†¹why respect man when man condemns him? He is content to destroy everything related to Victor until he curses the day he was born. Gladly would he relinquish his war against humanity if only one person loved him. Since none do, he has to find happiness elsewhere, and he is pleading that his creator make him happy with someone to share his misery. Frankenstein sees justice in his argument. The creature notes his change in countenance and promises that he†¦show more content†¦This wish appears to be a very noble one. It would seem that the creature wants to banish all evil from his body, and a mate will allow him to do just that. The reasoning is definitely somewhat twisted, though. The reader might argue that another being like himself will serve to augment the hatred of the creature if he has someone with whom he can identify. Chapter 18: Weeks pass and Victor does not begin working. He fears the fiends anger but cannot overcome his repugnance of feeling. The work will be aided by some new discoveries by English philosophers; he therefore wants to journey there and needs his fathers permission. Frankensteins health has become robust and strong. His melancholy is abated by rowing on the lake. The narrators father speaks with him about his remaining unhappiness. He attributes it to fear of expectation: that he does not want to marry Elizabeth because he is in love with someone else and hates to disappoint the family. Victor quickly assures him that this is not the case. Elizabeth is the only woman he admires. Joyful at his declaration, his father asks of he would object to marrying Elizabeth even though they are both so young. Still, he immediately assures Victor that he is not trying to tell him what to do, or how to be happy. Frankenstein listens in silence. The idea of marrying Elizabeth with the odious task hanging over his head isShow MoreRelatedMary Shelleys Frankenstein1689 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Expectations Fathers and Son, Frankenstein. The novel I have chosen to discuss is Frankenstein. Written in 1818 by Mary Shelley, Frankenstein is classified as a gothic novel, however, Shelly uses both realist and non-realist techniques. I will be looking at her reasons for writing the novel and what influenced her, as well as the realist and non-realist techniques used. I will be looking at some of the contemporary social issues that affected Shelley’s life at the time she wrote her novelRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome determined to perfect at what they do. They eventually become tragically doomed through creating their own individual moral codes by struggling with their internal battles within their minds. Mary Shelley presents us the first persona of a romantic hero through Victor Frankenstein in her book Frankenstein. Shelley fabricates Victor as the main narrator throughout the book, along with Captain Walton and the creature, which Victor creates. Another hero during the Romant ic era is the Ancient MarinerRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Feminism1429 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Youshock Prof. Matthew Gerber HIST 1012 10/19/18 Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein: Feminism before it was mainstream? Writing a paper on the topic of Frankenstein days before Halloween might give you the wrong idea- lets clear something up straight away Frankenstein is the doctor not the monster and the monster doesn’t have a name (which we later learn is mildly important to the story). You see, Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein is arguably a story of creation, murder, love, and learning amongst manyRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay929 Words   |  4 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein The characterization of Victor’s creature, the monster, in the movie although somewhat dramatically different from Mary Shelley’s portrayal in the novel Frankenstein also had its similarities. Shelley’s views of the monster were to make him seem like a human being, while the movie made the monster out to be a hideous creation. The creature’s appearance and personality are two aspects that differ between the novel and movie while his intellectual and tender sidesRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1312 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In order to illustrate the main theme of her novel â€Å"Frankenstein†, Mary Shelly draws strongly on the myth of Prometheus, as the subtitle The Modern Prometheus indicates. Maurice Hindle, in his critical study of the novel, suggests, â€Å"the primary theme of Frankenstein is what happens to human sympathies and relationships when men seek obsessively to satisfy their Promethean longings to â€Å"conquer the unknown† - supposedly in the service of their fellow-humans†. ThisRead More Mary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1622 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein Nineteen-year-old Mary Shelley didn’t know when she began it that her â€Å"ghost story† would become an enduring part of classic literature. Frankenstein is an admirable work simply for its captivating plot. To the careful reader, however, Shelley’s tale offers complex insights into human experience. The reader identifies with all of the major characters and is left to heed or ignore the cautions that their situations provide. Shelley uses the second person narrativeRead MoreEssay on Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1643 Words   |  7 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein In 1818 a novel was written that tingled people’s minds and thrilled literary critics alike. Frankenstein was an instant success and sold more copies than any book had before. The immediate success of the book can be attributed to the spine-tingling horror of the plot, and the strong embedded ethical message. Although her name did not come originally attached to the text, Mary Shelley had written a masterpiece that would live on for centuries. Read MoreEvil in Mary Shelleys Frankenstein1462 Words   |  6 PagesMary Shelleys Frankenstein is very much a commentary on the Enlightenment and its failure to tame the human condition through reason. The human condition can be defined as the unique features which mold a human being. The creature is undoubtedly a victim of this predicament. He grapples with the meaning of life, the search for gratification, the sense of curiosity, the inevitability of isolation, and the awareness of the inescapability of death. These qualities and his ceaseless stalking of hisRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay1086 Words   |  5 Pages Mary Shelley wrote the book Frankenstein sometime in the 1810s. She was born in London in 1797 (Biography). Her mother was an author of prime literary stock who was trying to encourage women to pursue their ideas and strive to earn the status as equals. The Scientific and Industrial Revolutions that were taking place around Mary Shelley certainly influ enced her while she was writing the book. The creation of machines and experiments at the time made people wonder what the limit of human technologyRead MoreMary Shelleys Frankenstein Essay846 Words   |  4 Pages Shelley’s Frankenstein does an excellent job at demonstrating the ideas and accomplishments of the enlightenment period. Shelly expresses these ideas and thoughts through the character of Victor Frankenstein who is an aspiring scientist seeking an intellectual challenge. Victor Frankenstein live s his hometown of Geneva and leaves in quest of a valued education in Ingolstadt. When Victor arrives at college he is lonely and finds himself in a new world in which he lives by himself. He than meets

Student Motivation Free Essays

Student motivation is a critical educational issue that districts all around the country should deal with on a daily basis. More and more students are unmotivated for several reasons, for example they might have problems at home, they lack good teachers, parents don’t encourage them enough or they just began to lose interest in school or don’t find school amusing. Students should be the main priority to a district or school but instead money is. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Districts are so focused on saving money that they just don’t care much about their schools, and schools more often try to save as much money as they can since their city has cut how much money they are getting, thus impacting how schools handle their money. Schools in a desperate way to keep their school open have to make critical changes to how they run their school knowing that their staff and students will suffer greatly. Schools are now cutting off teacher’s salaries, they have shut down their transportation to students, they have to shut down during and after schools programs, they don’t buy new materials for students, and they have to close down tutoring for students who need it. All of this issues impact the students dramatically in on way or another. Teachers, more than any district or school wide programs, have the most power to motivate students because they’re on the front lines (Annie Condron). She explains that teachers can influence students in a way that kids can actually understand. She is a teacher and she gives ways in which other teachers can motivate their students for example to praise students in big and small ways, expect excellence, or assign jobs. I found these methods really interesting, it would be nice if my teachers could use 1 or more of them. Especially when giving students a job in the class, which they have to be present and be active everyday in order to keep it. Michigan was rank number 3 in teacher salary, with the average of $56,000 a year in 2006(Thomas White). But things have changed and now they are all getting paid less causing teachers to not put much interest in their job because of their income. Many teachers in DPS don’t care for their students, many of them just give out paper work or bookwork without explaining the subject. Students need teachers who will work with them and actually have expectations for them, teachers who would actually enjoy teaching and come with a positive attitude toward their students everyday. Perhaps one of the main reasons students are unmotivated is because of boredom (Ethan Yazzie-Mintz-HSSSE). This center measures engagement in the classroom, and identifies why or why not students find school stimulating. It found out, through surveys, that 66% of students surveyed in 2009 indicated being bored in class at least every day and in fact, only 2% of students reported never being bored. Boredom in class is caused from students not finding the materials interesting or relevant, finding work unchallenging, and listening to uninteresting lectures. This survey also allowed for students to put how they feel about school, with the majority criticizing teaching methods. I don’t find the work interesting, don’t enjoy being talked at, and hate that everyone teaches to standardized tests† said one of the students who were surveyed. The idea of education has always been to give a broad base of learning to students, but teaching to standardized test limits the way that information is presented, this type of education is designed to teach children to think only about tho se things that test makers have deemed important a decade ago when the test was being constructed (Allan Teal) he also states that â€Å"Current way that standardized tests are used does not measure the learning ability of the student. It only measures whether the school system is able to write curriculum that produces good test takers† this method will benefit average and below average students because they have less information to process, but above average and gifted students will be held back from ever achieving their potential because of the mediocrity of the information that they are exposed to. So this means that any goal of producing brighter and higher achieving young people cannot be reached. Sports, especially school sports, can be highly motivating for students to perform well in school and encourage them to attend school and try their best. Enhanced blood flow throughout the body caused by regular physical activity can improve a child’s mental sharpness and acuity† (R. Scott Kretchmar, a professor of exercise and sports science at Pennsylvania State University) he states that a person who moves well is also likely to perform well in school. Sports can also improve a child’s mi nd and body connection since they will need to train their mind to help their body react quickly and accurately on the sports field. So by doing sports students are training their mind to learn topics faster. Relatedly students who participate in school sports also have a higher chance of getting accepted to a good college while increasing their chance of getting more scholarships. Students who are in a school sport have to keep their grades steady all semester in order to remain in the team. â€Å"Many schools do not allow children to participate in school sports teams if they have failing grades. This policy can motivate students to go to class each day and do their homework regularly† (Eric Carson) in order for a student to remain in a school team they cannot go below the required GPA for the school. This statement is completely true since in my school, western international high school, students have to have a 2. 5 GPA or above if they want to remain in the team. If a student really enjoys playing soccer, baseball, basketball, or whatever their favorite sport is they have to try their best to not drop their grades, similarly if a student is not on a team but wants to be, they have to attend school and do their work in order to achieve their desired GPA. The environment of the school can also influence students to attend school. In some schools the environment is not the best. A better campus outside makes the school look more professional and a better learning environment for the student. A school with better grassland for sports, like soccer, can encourage the students to attend school and want to play a sport. All students would like to play in grass then in a hard substance. Many schools in Detroit or other districts don’t have good arenas where students can play their desired sport. Most of them have dirt land or cement where they let the students play all kind of sports. For basketball is fine since they play indoors, but what about soccer? Baseball? Softball? If they play those sports in cement or dirt they can get injured quick, or they cannot play to their fullest potential. So grassland can encourage students to give it their all and play in a construable place. Motivation is an extremely important for a student best determination. Schools have to find a way to motivate their students to perform well and try their best. They can offer reward to those who have good grades or good attendance. Teachers have the highest power to motivate students, they posses the power to change how they handle their class. They could make up fun activities for students to actually want to attend class, like giving jobs to students. They have to be positive all the time and show they love teaching and want each of their students to succeed in life. Parents also have an essential job to motivate their child, they can offer rewards for good grades or simply just talk with them and explain why school is such an important part of their lives. How to cite Student Motivation, Essay examples Student Motivation Free Essays Student motivation is an important aspect of education, students across all subjects in secondary education lack motivation. Students are intrinsically motivated to learn at an early age but as they get older they lose their intrinsic motivation. Teachers use extrinsic rewards in the classroom not to motivate but to regulate student behavior. We will write a custom essay sample on Student Motivation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Motivation is a dominant part of a students’ educational experience from preschool onward but it has received limited attention amongst an education reform agenda engrossed mainly on accountability, standards, and tests, teacher excellence, and school administration. As students move through the school system from preschool to high school they become more disengaged this eventually leads to more high school dropouts. It is very important that we know how motivation is perceived by students as well as teachers. This will give some indication as to the types of professional development that will provide teachers with strategies to help improve student motivation and engagement. This will be necessary if we want our students to be successful and become a function part of our society. Keywords: academic achievement, intrinsic reward, extrinsic reward, strategies, professional development and student autonomy Today many of our students are slipping through the cracks because of their lack of motivation, these students come to school every day sit in our classrooms and walk out of them not learning or attempting to learn. They are not motivated or engaged in our classes even though we utilize strategies to challenge, motivate and engage. Students’ motivation can influence what and how they learn. In turn, as students learn and perceive that they are becoming more skillful they are motivated to continue to learn. (Schunk, 2016). This is not the case for most of our students in the classrooms, it is up to the teacher to engage and be cognizant of how they learn. As children advance from preschool to elementary they demonstrate a great amount enthusiasm for learning, they are engaged and are eager for knowledge. Students during this timeframe are intrinsically motivated. However, students’ interest in learning and the desire to perform fades as the years go by, their intrinsic motivation decreases. The lack of motivation is the main reason why many students drop out of high school, they feel unmotivated and unchallenged. The lack of motivation in education is a valid and persistent problem that needs to be addressed. Recent studies look at the perception of motivation by students’ and teachers’ which from the students prospective indicates that their motivation stems from their interactions with their teachers and their social environment. This is a concept seen in Vygotsky’s theory of learning which dealt with the impact of the social environment and its influence on cognition. Vygotsky considered the social environment critical for learning and thought that social interactions transformed learning experienced. (Schunk 2016) Trending among these studies are student’s interactions with teachers and peers, the classroom environment, building relationships with teachers, teacher feedback and student autonomy over their learning. The research question examined in this paper is: What are students’ and teacher’s perceptions of motivation and engagement in grades 9-12? In exploring the perceptions of students and teachers this paper will address the effect of the social environment on student motivation and engagement in the classroom. Learning Theory Association The social cognitive learning theory is based on the concept that students learn by observing and modeling the behaviors of others. Students observe models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them. (Schunk, 2016) It also discussed the importance teaching students’ strategies that will help them to learn how to control their behavior and direct their own learning. Self-efficacy refers to the perception of one’s capabilities to produce actions; outcome expectations involve beliefs about anticipated outcome of the actions. (Schunk, 2016) Students’ self-efficacy will shape their motivation for learning and goal attainment. The social cognitive theory is also based on the concept that people learn from their environment. The environment’s influence on behavior occurs when students look at a slide without much conscious deliberation (environment =behavior). Students’ behavior often alters the instructional environment, if the teacher asks questions and students give the wrong answers, the teacher may reteach the same points rather than continue the lesson (behavior = environment). (Schunk, 2016) Motivation engages students in activities that facilitate learning. (Schunk, 2016) Students may become more motivated by watching similar others succeed than by those who they believe are superior in confidence. (Schunk, 2016) Research indicates that most of the students attributed their engagement and motivation to their teachers. They expressed that their teachers motivated them, building a social relationship with their teachers led to them being motivated. (Seigle, Rubenstein Mitchell, 2014) The establishment of a positive social relationship fostered students’ engagement and motivation. Students also pointed to the fact that they related to those teachers who were passionate about their work, knowledgeable in their field and the method of delivery was interesting and interactive. (Seigle, Rubenstein ; Mitchell, 2014) Another negative impact on student motivation is teacher burnout. The emotional exhaustion of teachers contributed to a reduction of student motivation because it leads to low autonomy-supportive teaching, the conclusion was teacher burnout weakened student motivation because teachers influence students through instructional styles, and the emotions they show. Students’ perception of how their teachers feel about teaching can affect their motivation to learn. (Shen, McCaughtry, Martin, Garn, Kulik, Fahlman, 2015) Although motivation is boosted when students observe teacher giving praises and high grades others for hard work and good performances, motivation is sustained over time when students believe their own efforts are leading to better performances. (Schunk, 2016). A recent study indicated that students will exhibit encouraging social and academic motivation when their perception that their teachers and peers make available to them clear expectations, help and advice. The contribution of peers and teachers have a positive effect on student motivation. Providing classroom support, help, advice and instruction and the creation of a safe environment and emotional support all contribute to student academic and social motivation. (Wentzel, Battle, Russell, Looney, 2010) Utilizing an electronic gradebook, and a point system student were the autonomy over their learning and behavior. This gave students the choice of how to perform this gives them the autonomy of making choices hopefully good choices that will benefit them in the end. Giving the students autonomy over their grades motivated them to want to be better students which led to student engagement. (Koth, 2016) Student autonomy over their grades would motivate them intrinsically, when students are intrinsically motivated, they engage in an activity for reasons intrinsic to the activity. The reward comes from working on the task: the task is both the means and the end. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in one’s work. (Schunk, 2016) In a perfect world all students would be intrinsically motivated but we don’t live in a perfect world so we as educators must foster intrinsic motivation since research shows that as students advance in age this type of motivation deteriorates. To intrinsically engage students, we need to encourage students to take an active role in their learning. We also need build rapport with students, teachers can get to know their students on a more personal level this will encourage engagement. When planning for your students be clear in your expectations of them, what they should expect where content is concerned and when items will be due in advance so they know ahead of time. (Buskist, Busler Kirby, 2018) Some teachers use extrinsic rewards to encourage academic achievement and appropriate behaviors, teachers gave tangible rewards to help motivate students to behave in a positive manner. However, it was most often used to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff Patterson, 2009) Research indicate that teachers’ perception of student motivation research that teachers do not always know what motivates students in as much as they many claimed that students’ lack of motivation was due to that fact that they did not find the subject relevant. Teachers are not using strategies that will motivate students. There is also the implication that teachers need to seek professional development to help them acquire strategies to help motivate student. Which many are not willing to do. (D’Elisa, 2015) Definitions of Key TermsAcademic achievement: this represents routine results that show the degree to which a person has mastered explicit goals that were the concentration of actions in instructional atmospheres, specifically in school, college, and university. For the purpose of this paper the end academic achievement will be graduating high school.Intrinsic reward: is an intangible award of acknowledgement, a sense of accomplishment, or a cognizant satisfaction. The reward for intrinsic motivation may be feelings of competence and control, self-satisfaction, task success, or pride in one’s work. (Schunk, 2016)Extrinsic reward: is an award that is tangible or physically given to you for achieving something. This is most often used by teachers to manage student behavior not to motivate students to be academically successful. (Hoffman, Huff Patterson, 2009) Strategies: A plan of action in the case of education to motivate students, a variety of ways used in the classroom to motivate and engage.Professional development: In education, the term professional development may be used in reference to a variety of focused training, formal education, or advanced professional learning intended to help administrators, teachers, and other educators improve their professional knowledge, competence, skill, and effectiveness. Student autonomy: is when students take control and accountability for their learning, in terms of what they learn and how they learn it. The initial point being the idea that students are capable of self-direction and can progress to have independent, proactive approach to their academic accomplishments. Gaps in the Research The gaps in the research points to that fact that most of the research done were done in urban cities rather than a mixture of urban and rural areas.There are also some limitations in what can be done in the schools because of the need for all parties to work collaboratively to use the research finding to improve motivation and engagement. Another gap in the research was that many of the studies done on student motivation were not done in the United States they were done in Asia, Canada and Australia. Students’ lack of motivation leads to disengagement and dropout from school and educational pursuits, an inescapable issue, that is widespread among all our schools. Filling in the gap requires identifying and using effective motivational strategies, tested and proven in schools for students, by teachers and administrators. For the most part teachers who can identify the reason behind students’ lack of motivation will try to use strategies the feel with help those students. For example, if teachers believe that students are unmotivated because they don’t see the content as personally relevant, they tend to include examples of its relevance. Similarly, if teachers believe that school-based skills are disconnected from students’ career goals and future aspirations, they tend to work at showing students how skills can fit for them. However, when teachers are confronted with diverse and contrastive needs, such a direct correspondence of strategies is more difficult and a sense of helplessness is common (Hardrà © Sullivan, 2009). Biblical Worldview Applying a Biblical worldview to different aspects of education allows for another way to look at education as well as educators.The worldview that is most closely related to the social cognitive learning theory is that of Naturalism. In this worldview we acquire knowledge through innate and autonomous human reason, including methods of science, we can know the universe the cosmos, including this world is understood to be in its normal state. (Sire, 2009) Naturalism denies that there is a God the creator and like the social cognitive theory a child is born with innate faculties which merely have to develop naturally. These faculties work on their own within the framework of the languages and cultures to which they are exposed. According to the social cognitive theory student learn through observation, student observes, models, explain and demonstrate skills then practice them (Schunk, 2016). In a Christian worldview God directs us to teach without holding back, in Romans 12:6-7 â€Å"We have different gifts, according to the grace given to each of us. If your gift is prophesying, then prophesy in accordance with your faith; if it is serving, then serve; if it is teaching, then teach;† God has given us gifts, which we need to use to its fullest. If god gave you the gift of teaching then you should teach to the best of your ability, to meet the needs of all your students. Conclusion Students’ lack of motivation is a huge problem across the United States, if we are to combat this problem we as educators need to know what is the main reason behind this lack of motivation. We need to focus on current research, collaborate with policymakers as well as school administrators if we want to help inspire motivation and engagement. If this means we must give up precious time to learn new strategies to promote student autonomy and self-directed learning it will be well worth it. To be able to see students staying in school graduating high school and moving on to higher education would be an astonishing vision. Students are most likely to display positive aspects of social and academic motivation when they perceive their teacher and peers are providing them with clear expectations for social and academic outcome. As educators we must continuously commit to equipping ourselves with the tools that will help our students to become motivated and engaged. How to cite Student Motivation, Papers

Institutional Security and Violence free essay sample

Institutional Security and Violence Administration and leadership is the key to establishing and maintaining humane prisons by willing to carry out court mandated reforms. Disciplinary procedures are to provide for the fair and impartial determination and resolution of all disciplinary charges placed against inmates when they violate the rules, they may lose good time or be placed in segregation if the violation of the charges are serious enough. The physical layout of the facility is to keep society out and to keep inmates in, for the safety of inmates and staff the areas with little to no clear view need to have cameras, facilities are outlined with fences to prevent any attempts to escape, alarms and other security detection systems installed around the facility (Redding, 2004). Inmates who are affiliated with gang activity are often moved or transferred to other state institutions; other types of strategies used have been separation and isolation of the gang leaders and segregation of confirmed gang members (Trulson, Marquart, Kawuch, 2008). We will write a custom essay sample on Institutional Security and Violence or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is usually conducted by the gang identification task force; every prison has an investigation unit that handles the gang identifications and takes pictures of affiliated tattoos, which identifies the gang name and their members. Grievance procedures are complaints and concerns from a prisoner to the administration in a formal way this is a method by which prisoners receives a written response, it does not undermine authorities, (Wallenstein, 1989). Humane institutions are to provide safety for the inmates as well as the staff in which rehabilitation is possible, including the protection of the inmates from victimization within the institution. Screening and classification of inmates are classified according to the risks they pose to other prisoners, personnel and the community, than are placed in the proper institution with the custody and management needs of the inmates (Redding, 2004). Staff training and education is an opportunity to assist officers in becoming a more efficient and effective officer, training is ongoing in the fforts of keeping the officers informed of the day to day changes made in procedures by the administration. The use of force by officers is necessary to enforce the law or to protect themselves or others from harm, officers use only the amount of force necessary to accomplish control of the offender, there are two types of force type one which is a type of escort techniques such as the goose neck, this a technique that applies pain to the wrist but does not break or permanently damage the wrist, this is applied if an offender acts up while being escorted from one area to another. Type two is used if the offender attacks or turns on the officer it consist of strikes and blows designed to stop an offender such as a stop kick or a palm blow to the forehead all of these uses of force are designed by professional hand to hand combat experts to provide officers ways of getting offenders to comply or for the officer to defend themselves without going over the use of force continuum, All use of force training is conducted by state or federally certified officers. References Redding, H. (2004). The components of prison security. Retrieved from http://www. ifpo. org/articlebank/components_prison_security. html Trulson, C, Marquart, J, Kawuch, S. (2008). Gang suppression and institutional control. Correctionsone. com, Retrieved from http://www. correctionsone. com/prison-gangs/articles/1842642-Gang-suppression-and-institutional-control/ Wallenstein, A M. (1989). Inmate grievence procedures. Jail operations bulletin, 1(11), Retrieved from http://www. ncjrs. gov/app/publications/abstract. aspx? ID=121048

SUBSTANCE ABUSE HISTORY Essay Example For Students

SUBSTANCE ABUSE HISTORY Essay A diagnostic summary was completed on 10/6/96; Jack Smith is a 41-year-old white male currently living in a small community in southern Ohio. Jack came into the agency involuntarily; his involvement with the agency is a requisite of probation for assault and domestic violence. He was arrested for assaulting his wife during an alcoholic blackout; he was placed on probation for one year on the condition he participates in substance abuse counseling. This is Jacks second involvement with this agency as a result of his alcohol abuse. His first encounter was in 1985, when he underwent after-care counseling with an agency counselor who no longer is employed at this facility. We will write a custom essay on SUBSTANCE ABUSE HISTORY specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The apparent symptoms of chemical dependency were: 1) Loss of Control Jack had made several attempts at controlling the amounts of alcohol he consumed, but those times when he was able to abstain from alcohol were when he substituted marijuana and/or other drugs. 2) Blackouts these began occurring almost daily as a result of his alcohol and marijuana use. 3) Family History of Alcohol/Drug Usage Jacks natural and adoptive parents, as well as three natural brothers and three natural sisters have used alcohol and/or drugs heavily. 4) Changes in Tolerance when Jack began drinking at age 15, he soon developed a high tolerance for beer; by age 18, he was drinking six-to nine beers per occasion, and had begun smoking marijuana on these occasions. Before he stopped using marijuana in 1985, he was smoking one-two marijuana joints daily through the week, and five-six joints daily on weekends, as well as drinking the equivalent of a 12-pack of beer daily, occasionally chasing it with whiske y during the week, and on weekend, consuming the standard 12-pack of beer in addition to half of a fifth of whiskey mixed with soft drinks. 5) Physiological Symptomology Jack was diagnosed with bleeding ulcers shortly after he began drinking at age 15; when he entered his second treatment program in 1985, he was diagnosed with alcoholic hepatitis; currently, his flushed/tannish-looking skin and bloated appearance (edema) are indicative of further liver dysfunctions which can be attributed to his continued alcohol consumption. Bibliography:

Jackson Surname Meaning and Origin

Jackson Surname Meaning and Origin The  patronymic surname  Jackson means son of Jack. The personal/given name Jack may have derived from one of several sources: Derived from the name Jackin, a medieval diminutive of the name John, which is an  English form of  Iohannes, the Latin form of the Greek name  ÃŽâ„¢Ãâ€°ÃŽ ±ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ½ÃŽ ·Ãâ€šÃ‚  (Ioannes), itself derived from the Hebrew name  Ã—™×•Ö ¹Ã—â€"Ö ¸Ã—  Ã– ¸Ã—ŸÂ  (Yohanan),  meaning Jehovah has favored, or more loosely gift of God. See also the surname Johnson.Possibly a derivation of the Old French given name Jacque, the French form of the English name Jacob. The name derives from the Latin Jacobus which, in turn, derives from the  Hebrew personal name ×™Ö ·Ã— ¢Ã– ²Ã— §Ã– ¹Ã—‘  (Yaaqov). Surname Origin:  English, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  JACKS Where Is the JACKSON Surname Found? According to  WorldNames public profiler, the Jackson surname is found in the greatest numbers in the United Kingdom and Australia. It is most prevalent in northern England, especially Cumbria county. The name is also popular in the United States, especially in the District of Columbia and the southeastern states of Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, and Louisiana. Famous People with the Surname JACKSON Andrew Jackson - 7th President of the United StatesMichael Jackson - American pop singerAugustus Jackson - creator of several ice cream recipes and inventor of an improved method of manufacturing ice cream c. 1832.Quinton Rampage Jackson - American professional mixed martial arts fighterThomas Stonewall Jackson - Confederate general in the U.S. Civil WarConrad Feger Jackson -  Union Army general in the American Civil War Genealogy Resources for the Surname JACKSON 100 Most Common U.S. Surnames and Their MeaningsSmith, Johnson, Williams, Jones, Brown... Are you one of the millions of Americans sporting one of these top 100 common last names from the 2000 census? Jackson Family GenealogyA Web site dedicated to the descendants of Robert Jackson, who arrived in Massachusetts with his father circa 1630. Jackson Family Tree DNA ProjectRead biographies, check out DNA results, or submit your own DNA to learn more about your own Jackson ancestors. Jackson Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Jackson surname to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Jackson query. FamilySearch - JACKSON GenealogyExplore over 12 million historical records and lineage-linked family trees posted for the Jackson surname and its variations on this free website sponsored by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. JACKSON Surname and Family Mailing ListsRootsWeb hosts several free mailing lists for researchers of the Jackson surname. DistantCousin.com - JACKSON Genealogy Family HistoryExplore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Jackson. The Jackson Genealogy and Family Tree PageBrowse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Jackson surname from the website of Genealogy Today. References: Surname Meanings and Origins Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

Top 3 Secrets to Getting Hired for Any Job

Top 3 Secrets to Getting Hired for Any Job Finding it hard to stay ahead of the competition? Do you feel completely lacking in confidence when it comes to seeking out, applying for, and interviewing at prospective jobs? According to a LinkedIn expert who focuses on market shifts and analyzes how applicants can get ahead of the competition, there are three secrets you should keep in mind while job searching to increase your chances of getting hired for any job. 1. Focus not on who you know, but who your contacts knowThe number of people actively looking for work increased steadily over the past few years. But as of May 2016, 5.5 million jobs were still open. More employers are looking for top class talent and more workers are hoping to switch to better companies or fields. The way to use this to your advantage is to tap into your network. Companies prefer to hire candidates referred by a source they trust. Even if you don’t know someone at a company you’re applying to, figure out who you know that might know some one there.And remember: it’s often not your sister or best friend who’ll land you your next job. It could be anyone: your babysitter’s aunt, your coworker’s former neighbor, etc. First degree connections are great, but not the be all and end all. Think bigger than your immediate circle and branch out to use your whole network. Accept the third degree.2. Focus not on what your degree says, but what you actually knowYour major doesn’t matter that much. Besides, industries are changing so much and so rapidly these days that it is almost impossible to predict what the best field of study would be to land the work that will be most in demand–or how to meet the expanding demands of that industry. Focus on proving yourself to be a lifelong learner. Constantly accept opportunities to build new skills. Choose a field of study that gives you the broadest swatch of skill and knowledge. And then figure out how to put what you know into the proper contex t for any given job. Always think about how your particular group of skills could translate the position you’re applying for, and focus on communicating that.3. Focus on the power you do haveIt can feel powerless to be on the job market, but it doesn’t have to. Advances in technology and the gig economy mean that power is ever-shifting into the hands of job seekers. Be ready to wield it. Keep an eye on the market and be ready to pounce on new opportunities. It soon may be the case that companies come looking for you when you’re in the market for a challenging new opportunity. Until then, keep an open mind, and build your brand.

Foreign country Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Foreign country - Essay Example As a late comer in the industry, it is prudent for the company to seek ways to elevate its performance toward the standard benchmarks set forth by its forerunners. In simple terms, benchmarking can be defined as â€Å"learning from the pros† (American Productivity & Quality Center, 1993). Benchmarks are very essential for organizational operations in that they lay in the open the processes that hold the keys to a successful business take off and the subsequent operations. Through such standards, a business venture Lodgit Courier will identify and adopts a mix of practices of top performers that will in effect define the course that the business initiative takes. Put quite simply, benchmarking is the art of finding out straightforward organization and implementation strategies that leads to success. The concept engenders comparative efficiency to other industry key players with the intent to know the exact processes, procedures, and/or technological applications principles that can results in the production of superior outputs (Ammons, 1996; Camp, 1989). Since businesses are all about competition, benchmarking plays a very important role of measuring specific performance gaps that could be used to gain competitive advantage (Boxwell, 1994). Indeed, it is â€Å"not a cost to be avoided, but a tool that when utilized properly can result into quantum leaps in organizational performance" (Dodd and Turner, 2000). Given that this joint venture business, it would take an influential positive stand to convince colleagues that certain standards have to be met for the company to remain competitive in the industry. It is also essential to note that group of investors can consistently utilize a common investment strategy and emerge victorious. As leant in the analysis of market efficiency, market outcomes are not always efficient to all investors due to the cost of information which may lean towards those with the capacity to acquire such, if at

Sexual Disconnect Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexual Disconnect - Term Paper Example She also notes that any sexual involvement between a minor, any person below the age of 18, also referred as a child, and an individual five or more years older, then there is a high likelihood that the child or minor is being exploited. This is to mean there is an imbalance of power between the victim and the abuser in terms of physical size and strength, age and the kind of emotional relational relationship they are involved in. she further notes that the perpetrators are not usually strangers necessarily, most of the reported cases have been acquaintances of these children and even people these children trust and have a deep relationship with such as family members. Sexual abuse takes several forms. They will involve both use of contact which is physical and non-physical acts. Physical abuse include actions such as fondling, kissing done in a sexual way, contact with the private parts which include breasts, vagina, penis and buttocks, inserting objects into the genitals, rubbing o f abuser’s genitals against the genitals of the child or even the child’s clothing and intercourse. ... There will be behavioural change within the child which can easily be noted by those caring for the child such as the parents and the teachers. Response to sexual abuse is different for different children in respect to the age of the child, the severity or extent of the abuse, duration of the abuse as well as the relationship between the victim and the perpetrator. A guardian, care giver or teacher interacting with the child will know of child abuse through certain projections such as pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, bruises in part like the mouth, difficulty when walking or sitting, discharge in the genitals, difficulty in sleeping such as nightmares, anxiety, depression, self-injurious acts such as cutting or suicidal attempts, explicit sexual knowledge for a child of an inappropriate age or even withdrawal of a child from other people (Child Sexual Fact Sheet, 2009). The children’s actions cannot therefore be termed as sexual abuse. This is because the students b eing in the same class are likely to be of similar ages therefore indicating no imbalance of power in terms of age or physical size and strength. Being the first instance for the occurrence, it is difficult to determine whether the two had been engaging in such actions for some time. When the teacher walks in to check on the boys, she finds both of the laughing. Sexual abuse does not occur for the mutual excitement of both participants but it acts to victimize the individual being abused while only exciting the perpetrator. A five year old child may also not be aware of issues to do with sexual intimacy; the boys were probably experimenting to quest inquisitive nature. Sexual orientation refers to the sex of those who are sexually attracted. Individuals attracted to

Linux Security Essay Example for Free

Linux Security Essay While researching the regulatory requirements needed for First World Bank Savings and Loans I found that a security policy against current server architecture is required to be implemented. The CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) triad is taken into account when analyzing the multiple servers in reference to Linux and Open Source managing security demands. The Database Server requires the administrators go further in terms of technical design through a Linux architecture method. MySQL can be utilized as a backend and comes with script availability to remove test databases, lower systems and data base privileges (Jang, 2011). This method will allow successful requirement of all networking layers. The Apache Web Server allows the ability to harden the Linux kernel within Apache (Prashant, 2013). The patch available is grsecurity and allows protection against zero-day vulnerabilities while utilizing ksplice to update the kernal on time (Prashant, 2013). Samba is used for the file server and has many features to restrict access to what is shared. This includes enforcing password requirements, filtering at the network level, and a check going against group memberships (Jang, 2011). The SMTP server will be Sendmail. Sendmail comes with the security feature of encrypting the connection (Jang, 2011). We will also need a virus scanning program to ensure mail coming in does not have virus attachments. The LDAP server will be utilized as the central authentication server so that the involved users have a login that is unified and covers all console logins (LDAP NExt, 2010). Works Cited Jang, M. (2011). Security Strategies in Linux Platforms and Applications. Jones Bartlett Learning. LDAP NExt. (2010, 06). The official Red Hat Reference Guide. Retrieved from http://www.centos.org/docs/2/rhl-rg-en-7.2/s1-ldap-uses.html Prashant, P. (2013, 10 10). Linux for you. Retrieved from http://www.linuxforu.com/2011/05/securing-database-servers/.

The Princess Bride Essay -- essays research papers

In the film, 'The Princess Bride,'; directed by Rob Reiner, Cary Elwes plays a farmboy known as Westley during the Middle Ages. Westley falls in love with Buttercup, played by Robin Wright, who lives upon the land where he works. Buttercup also falls in love with Westley, so he sets out to find his fortune so they can be married. A short time later, Buttercup learns that Westley has been killed by pirates. The Prince of the land chooses Buttercup to be his bride, regardless to her feelings. Before the marriage takes place, Buttercup is kidnapped. Westley, disguised as a pirate in black, sees the kidnapping occur and chases after Buttercup. He catches up and defeats all three of the kidnappers using his strength, skill, and smarts. Buttercup learns of his true identity and together they escape from the evil prince. Westley is an intelligent man who makes good choices. He is a hero in many aspects. Buttercup, on the other hand, made some poor choices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Westley was intelligent. He displayed this characteristic when he poisoned the cups of wine. He poisoned both cups to guarantee that Vizzini, played by Wallace Shawn, one of the kidnappers of Buttercup, died. The intelligence was in the preparation. Westley had built up immunity to the poison before so that the small amount didn't affect him when he drank it, but affected Vizzini.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Westley also showed intelligence when he couldn't move, but made Prince Humperdink beli...

Crime Rates and Perceptions of Crime

Sociological Problem The public perception of crime is that it has increased whilst official statistics show that overall, crime has decreased over the years. In this ‘risk society’, a fear of victimisation has become part of our lifestyle and we are constantly reminded of the potential dangers of becoming victims of crime. The famous study by Stanley Cohen (Folk Devils and Moral Panics (1972)) is a prime example of how society is encouraged to worry about certain groups and use them as a scapegoat to blame society’s problems on.Sociologists are concerned with this topic as the fear of crime is becoming a bigger problem to tackle than crime itself. 1. 2 Research Question Why has the fear of crime increased when statistics indicate a fall in crime? What influences people’s perceptions of crime and to what extent do these perceptions impact on society? The central concern of my research is to discover the reasons behind the growing fear of crime and if there is a causal link between newspaper readership and perceptions of crime.As (Blackie 2009: 77) suggests, my research question is to understand, explain and evaluate the reasons behind this problem. This is a topic of interest to sociologists as media’s ‘construction of reality’ creates a distorted view of crime, with people more out of touch with the reality of crime than ever. 2. Data Selection The first table I have selected shows the sources most influential on the changes of perception of crime over the past few years (see Appendix 1), and the second table reflects the correlation between newspaper readership and perceptions of crime (see Appendix 2).I collected these tables from the Home Office’s British Crime Survey on (‘Perceptions of crime, engagement with the police, authorities dealing with anti social behaviour and community payback’ (Chaplin et al, 2011)). This information was gathered by a national face to face victimisation survey of people aged 16 and over from households in England and Wales where people were asked their experiences of crime. 3. Methodology The data I am analysing is quantitative data, since ‘it is not possible to become a social scientist without an understanding of statistics’ (Diamond and Jefferies, 2001: 1).It is also a form of secondary data analysis as the data I am looking at are derived from official statistics. When analysing table 3. 02 (see Appendix 2), I discovered a bivariate relationship between the type of newspaper read, and the public’s perception surrounding the amount of crime. There is a causal relationship here; depending on what newspaper you read your perception of crime is likely to differ. As (Bryman, A and Cramer, D 2000) note, it is important to establish the cause prior to the effect. An effect cannot come before a cause. In table 3. 01 (see Appendix 1) there is a dependent variable and an independent variable.The dependent variable is the pub lic’s perception of crime and the independent variable is the type of source they hear it from. From analysing the variables within the tables I have come up with a hypothesis that media representations of crime can influence people’s view of crime. What I want to discover is if this amplifies people’s fear of crime. Firstly, I will be using formal content analysis to measure the amount of space devoted to crime and the types of crime covered in newspapers. I will then use thematic analysis to look for themes which underlie the content.My third and final analysis will be textual analysis where I will be closely examining the text used in newspapers to see how it encourages a particular reading and creates an impression. Some of the advantages of using secondary data analysis include firstly it is more structured and standardised which gives us more reliable and repeatable results. It allows us to study larger numbers which gives results that are more representat ive of a population. As it is a detached and objective method, the researcher merely manipulates the variables and records the results.Their subjective feelings have no effect on the outcome of the experiment. If subjectivity becomes involved it could interfere with the outcome. In the British Crime Survey they used interviews to find out people’s views. This made the results easy to quantify especially when answers are pre coded. This also makes them suitable for hypothesis testing. However, there are also disadvantages to using quantitative data. As we are analysing from a secondary source, there is a lack of familiarity with the data which may cause confusion with the data presented.It does not allow the researcher to be personally involved, thus they produce a more superficial understanding. The British Crime Survey 2010/11 gives us an overall view of the statistics involved; however it does not give a deeper understanding and a more valid picture of the other factors tha t may be relevant. The results of quantitative data are limited as it produces numerical descriptions as opposed to a detailed narrative which gives us a less detailed account of the public’s perception on crime. 4. Analysis The world appears to have become a dangerous place to live, there is a ‘fear of crime’ and a ‘fortress mentality’.The increased sense of insecurity makes many unable to deal reasonably with the problem of crime. One of the reasons crime has decreased is the privatisation of public space in recent years. CCTV are used to control how people access these public areas. The police have also become confined to certain parts of towns and cities due to ‘tipping’ which allows them to keep a watchful eye on a specific area. Baldwin and Bottoms (1976) looked at the process of ‘tipping’, which is when councils put all antisocial together in the same place.This leads to concentration of crime in a given area, which c an also have the opposite effect of creating more crime. The process of tipping is similar to the broken window theory of Wilson and Kelling (1982). It’s a zero tolerance where there is no acceptance even of the smallest crimes. This will not allow them to grow into bigger problems. The media devotes a great deal of time and coverage to crime and deviance. They are accused of giving a distorted image of crime, criminals and policing. There are studies that indicate that the proportion of news devoted to crime has increased over the past 50 years.An example is a study that found the proportion of space given to crime reports in the Daily Mirror and the Times from 1945 to 1991 increased from 8% to 21% (Reiner et al. , 2000). The coverage of violent and sexual crimes is significantly greater than their incidence as measured by official statistics, victim studies and self report studies. Homicide accounts for one third of all crime news. William and Dickinson’s (1993) stud y of 10 national newspapers in 1989 found 64. 5% of crime stories were about violence against a person, whereas the British Crime Survey only showed 6% of crimes reported by victims in 1989 about violence.The amount of violent and sexual crimes tended to be more frequent the more ‘down market’ the newspaper. Although murder stories attract much of the public eye, it only accounts for 600 or 700 offences a year, with most of these being domestic violence. Table 3. 03 (see appendix 2) shows the difference between tabloid newspapers and broadsheet newspapers and people’s perception of crime. 81% of people who read ‘popular’ newspapers believed crime had increased, in comparison to 59% of people who read ‘broadsheet’ newspapers.This shows how the type of newspaper affects people’s view of crime and how the media want certain groups to worry about crime more than others. If the working class are living in fear of crime, they are less l ikely to rise and revolt, as they are too busy fearing the ‘vicious’ streets. Crime news focuses on the actual incident of the crime rather than the causes. However broadsheets such as the Guardian are more likely to contain an analysis of the causes of crime (Carrabine et al. , 2002). Tabloid readers are mostly working class as they tend to prefer the cheaper and less intellectual types of newspapers.(Simmons and Dodd, 2003) discovered tabloid readers are twice as likely to be ‘very worried’ about burglary, mugging, physical attack and rape. An important fact is that the victims of crime are mostly the poor, working class and ethnic deprived groups. Much crime is done by the working class on the working class. Ironically, the media shows victims being mainly women, white people and high status individuals. This shows how the media are manipulating our view of crime, making us believe the working class are committing the crimes whilst the privileged are suf fering from the crimes.However, there is another view. The British Crime Survey found that people who live in inner-city areas and council estates are particularly concerned about crime, particularly violent crime. These are the areas where most working class people live and the areas where violent crime is more likely to happen. Tabloid newspapers may merely be reflecting their concern with crime rather than shaping it. As Crawford et al. , (1990) says, ‘in inner city areas, mass media coverage of crime tends to reinforce what people already know. ’ From looking at table 3.01 (see Appendix 1) it shows the major sources that influence people’s perceptions of crime is news programmes on TV/radio, local newspaper and tabloid newspapers. Different sources of information affected the different perceptions of crime. The people who thought crime had increased nationally were most likely to find out about crime through TV programmes or radio (62%), local newspapers (35% ) or tabloid newspapers (35%) as their source of information. Both tables are ordinal data as the events are ‘placed in ordered categories along a single dimension’ (Fowler Jr., 2004).The main sources of crime news derive from the police and courts. However, it is important to note that the way the statistics were collected may affect the data. There is a dark figure of crime that does not get reported and that the police consider not worthy to be recorded. Not all crimes are reported and the police record an even smaller proportion of property crime. The official crime index excludes for offences ranging from drunk driving to white collar violations. Marxists believe capitalism exploits the working class and this gives rise to crime.Capitalism encourages the middle class to be greedy and self interested. This sometimes leads to corporate and white collar crime however this is not the media’s main focus. Marxists also argue street crime is disproportionally prose cuted, that the poor commit compared to the white collar crime that the middle class commit. Stuart Hall’s (Policing The Crisis (1978)) study applied a fully social theory of deviance to the study of mugging. Hall’s study shows how the media will focus on a particular minority and create a moral panic, often to cover another problem.The myth of the black mugger served as a scapegoat to distract attention away from the real causes of problem such as unemployment. The black mugger came to symbolise the disintegration of the social order. This is also apparent in today’s society as we are encouraged to fear the ‘hoody’ youth and believe the majority of them carry a knife. Journalists are dependent on official sources for their information. These sources have become primary definers – they define what counts as crime, what counts as justice and what they believe to be significant.In doing so, they reflect the concerns of the powerful – the agents of social control and the state (Hall et al. , 1978). The British Crime Survey includes questions about perceptions of crime and the concerns. It also asks questions about newspaper readership. Findings from the surveys from 2001 to 2003 show that over the three years, a growing proportion of respondents thought that the national crime rate had risen ‘a lot’ (25% in 2001, 30% in 2001/02 and 38% in 2002/03). In comparison, the British Crime Survey indicated a steady fall in crime over these years.The 2002/03 survey shows that 43% of those who read a tabloid newspaper believed the crime rate had increased ‘a lot’ compared to 26% of broadsheet readers (Simmons and Dodd, 2003). The news media tend to portray a positive picture of the Criminal Justice System. Things such as the success and justice of the police are often exaggerated. There are some stories of the corruption of the police however this is presented as an individual’s failings, rathe r than the Criminal Justice System (Chibnall, 1977). The legitimacy of the Criminal Justice System is protected.This underlies many news reports on crimes. The mean ‘is the average of the distribution of the variable’ (Seale C 2004: 327). The most common expression for the mean of a statistical distribution with a variable is the average of all the terms. In order to discover the mean, you simply add up the values of all the terms and then divide by the number of terms. There are other expressions however these forms are hardly used in statistics. ‘The median is the number positioned in the middle of a distribution, below which half the values fall’ (Seal C 2004: 328) The median for table 3.01 (see appendix 1) is Broadsheet newspapers at 20% . The mean for table 3. 03 (see appendix 2) for the tabloid newspapers are The Daily Mail and The Daily Star both at 81% saying crime has increased. The median for the broadsheet newspapers are The Times and The Financi al Times at 60% and 50%. The mode is defined as ‘being the most frequently occurring value in a distribution’ (Seal C 2004:328). The mode for table 3. 01 (see appendix 1) this is the variable that occurs most often. The variable that occurred most often in both tables was the newspapers and more specifically tabloid newspapers.5. ConclusionIn conclusion, the tables and data provided have proved there is an obvious causal relationship between newspaper readership and perceptions of crime. It has effected society as we have almost become reliant on sources of secondary data such as newspapers to feed us with knowledge of crime, which has created a distorted view. We become sucked into the manipulation of the media and believe what we read to be fact, even if we do know at the back of our minds it is an exaggerated version of the truth.Crime has always been a staple ingredient of human’s fascination and it will always make headlines. The main influence of peopleâ₠¬â„¢s perception of crime comes from the media. The media has a huge part to play in shaping the way we think and hear about things, therefore they are also able to manipulate our view, but ultimately it is our choice to believe it or not. For Durkheim (1893) ‘Crime is normal and an integral part of all healthy society. ’ It is also important to realise that we do need crime in society as it affirms our cultural values and norms and promotes social unity.

Personal Statement Essay

Paragraph 1: interests which inspired me to choose the certain course, describe myself. Paragraph 2: what I am studying at school and how it relates to my picked subject course in university. Paragraph 3: extracurricular activities and outside events, what experiences that are relevant. I am very hard working, love getting a job done to the specified standard and I use my own initiative effectively. Although I am not very confident I have the confidence to speak up for myself and get my opinion across. I would very much like to study a degree in marketing and computing, this is because my interests have always been in computers and looking at different things that would look and sell for on the market today. Someday when I have earned enough money I would love to go and travel around the whole world, this has been one of my dreams for a long time and I think this type of degree will give me that opportunity. I have looked into much more detail in what type of course to do with these things I have mentioned above and I would like to go into computer science and marketing (combining the two). My dad has also inspired me because he has been working hard all of his life in the business and insurance industry, I have been to a few open days of his work place and I really liked the look of it. I am a very open minded person and love to work in a team of people to get a job done quickly and efficiently. During the course of the school terms I chose certain things in my options that would really give me in depth opportunities when I leave school to go to university. At the moment I am currently studying: ICT, Photography, Financial studies and BTEC Sport. These subjects I really enjoy and that’s the reason why I chose both of them. My favourite subject of them all is definitely ICT because I have excelled in it and have finished the year 12 work well before the deadline that it needs to be in by. My other subject photography I really enjoy because taking picture s with high quality camera’s gives you the chance to capture moments which you see in everyday life. These subjects which I have picked relate to the courses which I have been looking at because financial studies will give me the knowledge which I would need if I was going to go into marketing. Also my capabilities in ICT are obvious from my grades which I have achieved from this year already and would aspire to get into a course which involves both of these. ICT has given me the opportunity to explore the ins and out of a computer and learnt how to solve things. It gives me the knowledge to know how to do things when they go wrong and gives me experience in all situations in the technology world. I do not do any extracurricular activity in my spare time; I have tried all different sports but it did not work out for some of them. In my life I have not had any experiences in my life which are relevant to my subject choice; the only experience which I have had was given the opportunity to run an eBay shop for one day. This made me think of what it is like to be under pressure in the business world and the study of my subjects enhances my knowledge of what has to be done to achieve the job. I have a part time job with my Mum and her partner; they run two eBay shops on the internet and make a lot of money. I have the responsibility of printing out the orders in bulk to be sorted through and processed to be posted. It is a very hard work job because you are always standing up bending down and picking things up. Throughout my schooling life, my com puting skills and techniques which I have learnt allow me to process information and analyse them making money at the same time. These skills which I have learnt in the 7 years studying ICT I am going to put into the subject and university course which I have chosen. The reason why I want to apply to go to university is because I have always wanted to enhance my skills and learn in much greater detail what I have learnt. I also want to experience the university life because everyone who I have spoken to says it’s the best thing that they have ever done. My brother is at university at the moment and he is studying advertising, this is something also which I will look. Not only do I want to enhance my learning in great detail but I want to learn new life skills and learn how to live on my own, I rely on my family at the moment and would like to start to live and look after myself. At the minute in my personal life cycle where I can learn more in a certain job, going to universi ty will let me do that. I want to make the most of my education which I am allowed to, I have been going through school for 12 years for free so it wouldn’t make a difference if I have to pay or not.

September 11 Conspiracy

September 11 Conspiracy Free Online Research Papers It was a beautiful day outside in New York City on September 11, 2001 though all of that changed. At approximately 8:46 a.m. American Airlines Flight 11 crashed into the World Trade Center (WTC) north tower. The plane hit between floors 94 and 98 (CNN). The ground shook and not one person could have seen something this devastating happen. When the airliner hit the tower, no one really thought the United States was under attack, but that it was just a mistake by the pilot. Those thoughts rapidly changed when 17 minutes later United Airlines Flight 175 crashed into the south tower of the WTC. The plane banked between floors 78 and 84 (CNN). A massive evacuation occurred in both towers and the surrounding buildings. People in the south tower found a stairwell that was unblocked but covered with smoke which led those people to go mistakenly toward the rooftop for a rescue that never came. There were a total of four planes that were hijacked on September 11th. Two of the planes crash into both the north and south tower of the WTC. At 9:43 a.m. American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into the Pentagon (Umminger). The fourth hijacked plane United Airlines 93 crashes in a rural area in Pennsylvania. At 9:59 a.m. the burning horrific south tower stands for 56 minutes 10 seconds before it finally collapses (Umminger). Then at 10:28 a.m. the north tower collapses (Umminger). Both towers’ collapses are viewed live by millions of people, they all watched in awe. Now the citizens of the United States understood that we were in fact under attack. We all remember where we were and what we were doing on September 11, 2001. The majority of us believed it was the work of Bin Laden and the al-Qaida. Was 9/11 really the work of terrorists? How can a commercial airliner bring down a 110-story building? Did the United States Government do this just to go to war? Nine years later there are still questions that have been left unanswered on that fateful day of 2001. How could we automatically blame the al-Qaida without any forensic investigation? We were told that the Twin Towers collapsed because of a commercial airliner hitting it at about 500 mph. Was it really a commercial airliner? How can a plane that is made mostly out of aluminum pierce through steel? We were also told that United Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon. But how could a Boeing 757 whose dimensions are from nose to tail 155ft 3in, wingspan 144ft 10in, and a height of 44ft 6in (Kleist) create a hole 16ft big? We all saw the explosion that the planes made in t he Twin Towers; we all saw them collapse by a single airplane. So if a commercial airplane can melt steel then how come the same explosion and fire damage was not seen at the Pentagon? In July 1945, a B-25 bomber that was lost in the fog had crashed into the 79th floor of the Empire State Building. Of course the Empire State Building did not collapse. In designing the World Trade Center, Leslie Robertson one of the designers, considered the scenario of the impact of a jet airliner, the Boeing 707, which might be lost in the fog, seeking to land at JFK or Newark airports (Loose Change 9/11). Design Engineers made both towers strong enough to withstand this scenario and not collapse but be able to repair the steel. There has never been a modern steel building collapsed by fire, before or after September 11. The melting point of steel is 2,800 °F. Jet fuel can only reach a maximum heat of 1800 °F. We all saw the big black clouds of smoke; those billowing black clouds in fact indicate that the fires were oxygen starved fires. The heat of the fire in the towers was estimated at 500 °F (911 Ripple Effect). Underwriters Laboratory certified the steel to last up to 3 hours before weakening. We were all told that the fire weakened the steel and collapsed the building. How could a commercial airliner collapse this steel reinforced 110-story skyscraper? If a commercial airliner could not have brought down the Twin Towers then what did? There are many theories involving controlled demolitions, that they were planted in the towers to help bring it down and bring it down so perfectly. Well these theories are pretty farfetched, but there is much evidence to support it. â€Å"Ben Fountain, a financial analyst who worked in the WTC complex told People Magazine that in the weeks before 9/11 there were numerous unannounced and unusual drills where sections of both the twin towers and building 7 were evacuated for quote ‘security reasons’. This was obviously the perfect opportunity to place those explosives† (Loose Change 9/11). So if explosives were the cause of the collapse of the Twin Towers, then how did they get in there? A December 2000 assessment of the WTC recommended immediate renovation work on the steel columns contained within the elevator shafts of both Twin Towers (Avery). Turner Construction, a company located on the 38th floor of the north tower was selected to do the job. Turner’s CEO at the time was Tom Leopard, who had personal ties to George W. Bush and Carlos Gutierrez, secretary to the Department of Commerce. The Department of Commerce is in charge of NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology). Turner Construction also did fire proofing work on the very floors that were struck by Flights 11 and 175 (Avery) All the documents pertaining to Turner’s work were destroyed on September 11. In addition, President Bush’s brother, Marvin was on the Board of Directors at Securicom from 1993 until fiscal year 2000. Securicom was an electronic security company which provided security for United Airlines, Dulles International Airport and from the early 1990’s up to September 11, the WTC. So a company with ties to the government agency, which eventually investigated the collapse, was responsible for doing renovation work inside the Twin Towers. And the building’s security was run by a company with family ties to President Bush (Asquith). And we have no records to prove what they did inside the building. Does anything sound suspicious here? Were the Twin Towers brought down by a single airliner, or was it by the help of a controlled demolition? The WTC complex was composed of seven buildings, three of which completely collapsed on the day of the attacks. Not many people remember that there were in fact three buildings from the WTC complex to actually collapse. World Trade Center 7, a 47-story steel-frame skyscraper became the third building to collapse completely. Unlike the Twin Towers, the collapse of WTC 7 had been anticipated for several hours and the building had been evacuated (Questioning the 9/11 attacks). World Trade Center 7 collapsed that day with only visual evidence of five fires in the building and no plane hit it. The reports tell us that the fires weakened the steel and collapsed the building. How can a few fires that started from falling debris of the Twin Towers reach 2,800 °F to melt the steel and collapse the building? Larry Silverstein the lease holder of the World Trade Center stated in a PBS interview and I saidmaybe the smartest thing to do is, is pull itand they made that decision to pull and the n we watched the building collapse† (Questioning the 9/11 attacks). To pull a building is a demolition term. It means to demolish or to bring down by controlled demolition. This building fell the same way the Twin Towers fell, which according to the evidence was brought down by controlled demolition. So are not both of these incidents related to each other? The Pentagon is the most interesting building that was hit on September 11. There are plenty of questions to ask, so I’ll begin with what we were told. We were told that American Airlines Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon. However, the evidence and the pictures of the Pentagon do not indicate at all that a Boeing 757 hit the Pentagon. There was never any wreckage at all that was found from the plane besides a few pieces of debris that were no bigger than the size of your hand. There was no tail, nose, fuselage, wheels, luggage seats, engines, nothing. What really hit the Pentagon? We all witnessed the damage at the Twin Towers. However, the damage at the Pentagon is inconsistent with the damage seen at the Twin Towers. At the World Trade Center we were told that the fire was so intense that it fatigued the steel and collapsed the buildings. However, the pictures taken after the roof of the Pentagon collapsed shows the inconsistency. The left side of the Pentagon shows little heat or smoke damage. There is a file cabinet with a computer monitor on it, both completely intact. There’s also a wooden desk that is perfectly intact and a wooden stool with a book laying open on it, the pages and book are not even singed (911 in Plane Site). All four planes that were hijacked were embarked on transcontinental flights, meaning they will have a majority of their fuel left after landing. About 8,600 gallons of fuel would remain, meaning that 8,600 gallons of fuel would have been ignited at the Pentagon. 8,600 gallons of fuel has a BTU rate of 86 million. A BTU, short for British thermal unit, is a basic measure of thermal (heat) energy. That amount of fuel would’ve reduced that section of the Pentagon to rubble and it would have burned for days. Also, a fuel spill of 8,600 gallons would have posed a large soil removal and disposal project under title 40 code of regulations of the Environmental Assessment Association (911 in Plane Site). The hole after the collapse of the section of the Pentagon was 65 feet across and 73 feet tall. Now how can a Boeing 757 whose dimensions are from nose to tail 155ft 3in, wingspan 144ft 10in, and a height of 44ft 6in (Kleist) create a hole after the collapse that size? As noted earlier, the hole was 16ft, but that was the initial hole that was made before the collapse which brings up the same question. Also, there were no scratches or markings on the lawn. Plane crashes leave huge marks on the grass with signs of the fire torching the lawn. However, the lawn at the Pentagon was perfectly intact. We were also told that the fire completely vaporized the jet which the government had to have said considering nothing from a Boeing 757 was found. So how could forensic investigators correctly identify 184 out of 189 people found at the pentagon? The man who hijacked flight 77 was Hani Hanjour. The government told us that on September 11 Hani Hanjour was able to execute a 330 degree turn at 530 mph, descending 7,000ft in two minutes and 30 seconds (Loose Change 9/11). That maneuver is absolutely impossible without the plane stalling and falling out of the sky. He went to Freeway Airport in Mitchellville Maryland to fly small planes. He already had his pilots’ license and he was merely going there to get checked out in the aircraft (Loose Change 9/11). He went on three test runs and he couldn’t control or land the small plane. The instructor stated that he was an average to below average pilot. Since he was not a very good pilot, how could he have executed an impossible maneuver? The Pentagon is the nerve center for the United States Military. Are we supposed to believe that the military had no anti-aircraft defenses to protect their own headquarters? Shouldn’t the Pentagon be under 24 hour video surveillance? Well in fact, the Pentagon has over 80 surveillance cameras that were running on the day of September 11. Not one has been released. However, a gas station, a Sheridan Hotel, and the Virginia Department of Transportation all captured the events (Loose Change 9/11). In minutes after the attack on the Pentagon the FBI took the tapes with a warning not to discuss what they’ve seen. Instead the FBI released 5 frames, none showing a 757. There were satellite photos taken 4 days before the attack. They show a white line marking the exact trajectory of whatever hit the pentagon 4 days later. The gas station and the Sheridan Hotel videos were finally released in 2006, (Questioning the 9/11 attacks) but none show a clear photo of anything happening on September 11. If the government has nothing to hide, then why are they so afraid to answer a few questions or release the video surveillance taken that day? By now you are probably asking yourself, why would the United States Government do something like this? There are hundreds of government contractors in Iraq right now with countless contracts. Here is one contract that was awarded to Halliburton. The Houston Chronicle reported that 82,000 gallons of liquid propane fuel were to be transported to Bagdad. It wasn’t going to be transported from the United States to Bagdad, but from Kuwait to Bagdad, a distance of about 300 miles. Now it would take about ten trucks to transport this much fuel 300 miles. It would cost about one dollar per mile per truck, for a total of about $3,000. Though, if it was a government contract the charge would be around two or three times that amount, or around $10,000. However, Halliburton was awarded 27.5 million dollars to do the very same job (Lewis). How much of your tax dollars went to paying for this job? Would it not have been cheaper to have ten privates drive those trucks that distance? Is thi s a war really a war on terror, or a war for profit? The number one question that people ask is, if the plane didn’t hit the Pentagon then where did it go? If the plane that hit the south tower wasn’t Flight 175, then where did it go? Where are all those people? Giving my opinion would make this paper a conspiracy theory, instead of just a conspiracy. However, consider the following scenario. Let me say that you have to put a loved one on a bus bound from New York to Boston. You put them on a Greyhound bus and watch them leave, waving to them. A couple hours later there’s a news report claiming that the Greyhound bus skidded out of control crashed and exploded. A couple weeks later, someone who just happened to have a camcorder shows up with a video tape of the event. When you examine the video you see that the bus in the video says Trail Ways on the side of it. So then where did the Greyhound bus go? If your loved one was on that bus, you would want to know. So should we laugh and ridicule the people who ask where the Greyhound bus is? That is where we are with the September 11 conspiracy. We may never find out what happened to Flight 77 or Flight 175. However, the evidence screams that we need to reinvestigate what really happened on September 11, 2001. Research Papers on September 11 ConspiracyNever Been Kicked Out of a Place This Nice19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTwilight of the UAWBook Review on The Autobiography of Malcolm XGenetic EngineeringPETSTEL analysis of IndiaMind TravelPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyDefinition of Export Quotas

Critical Analysis of a Research Paper

Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper Critical Analysis of a Research Paper: Helpful Tips Making of critical analysis of research papers may possess some difficulties for students. First of all, it is because you should not only study a research paper you have to analyze but also have at least some general knowledge about an issue that is investigated in it. Otherwise, how can you define strong and weak points of this work? Of course, to make good discussion of the issue you should be aware of this issue. Besides, when writing your critical analysis of a research paper you should take into account that the style of your analysis should correspond, to some extent, to that of the research paper it is written on. Although there are certain requirements to writing of assignment analysis it goes without saying that the style of analyzing of a poem, for example, is rather different from that of analyzing of a research paper. Thus, if you are provided with an assignment to write critical analysis of a research paper you s hould do your best in order to cope with such a task! Critical Analysis of a Research Paper: Nota Bene! When writing critical analysis of a research paper keep in mind the following information:It is obvious that before getting down to your critical analysis of a research paper you should study the research paper you are going to analyze. But first of all, you should study the subject it focuses on. So, find and study some information on the issue. You should get the point to make really thorough analysis. After studying the issue in question read the research paper. You may make some notes or consult some informational sources on the issue. Remember: good critical analysis is based on the deep studying of the subject. Your critical analysis should be thorough. But if it covers the whole research paper, you will not be able to put it into several pages. Be sure of that! So, you should concentrate your analysis on a certain point. Your work will be small but deep in thi s case. Thus, after studying the research paper and all necessary additional information you should point out an aspect that seems to be the most interesting for analyzing. Put it in the form of a thesis statement. Pay attention that it should depict fully the subject of your critical analysis. When thinking over your analysis make an outline containing the main points that you want to dwell on. That will help you make your work well-structured. Pay attention to your writing style. Avoid slang elements, jargon, idioms and other colloquial units.Be sure that this information will help you cope with your critical analysis of a research paper.

Buddhism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 5

Buddhism - Essay Example cess, went into a long period of contemplative meditation, received enlightenment and from thence came to be called The Buddha or the enlightened one. He passed on the knowledge to his followers through teachings based on four major tenets. The Buddha taught the four noble truths as i) the world is full of sorrow ii) desires are the main reason for sorrow iii) sorrow can be overcome by killing desires and iv) desires can be killed by following the eight-fold righteous path (Rahula, p.45). In this way the Buddha taught us the means to overcome sorrow, lead blissful life and ultimately attain Nirvana. The principle of righteous living differentiated Buddhism from the other major contemporary religions in the Indian subcontinent viz., Hinduism and Jainism, and impresses me as the most important of the Buddha teachings. The concept of middle path or magga taught by the Buddha as the most appropriate path to overcome sorrows has relevance for everyone and all times. It negates the other two extreme paths (of seeking worldly pleasures or practicing penance) since both have failed to eliminate sorrow from life on the one hand and can not stand the test of scrutiny as the solution for humanity’s problems (Rahula, p.92). The Buddha taught us to follow the middle path by practicing the eight-fold righteous living viz., right understanding (belief), right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right mindfulness (recollection), and right concentration (meditation). As Rahula mentions in his book, ‘†¦they are all linked together and should be practiced simultaneously according to a person’s capacity’ (p.46). Together they constitute the essence of ethical and moral conduct. The context for conduct arises out of one’s day-to-day life and the never ending hankering after desires. Continuity of life or existence is termed as Samsara in the Buddhist tradition (pp. 48 & 60) and Samsaracakra as the cycle of life, death and rebirth,

TEAM COMMUNICATION Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

TEAM COMMUNICATION - Essay Example Team communication represents the message from the team and not from the whole team in disjointed fashion. Team communication is also dependent upon who does most of the talking and when. This is essential since there should be harmony and accord in the message that is delivered by the team and everyone needs to be on-board with what is being said and delivered by the team. There should be no misunderstandings in a team. Team communication demonstrates that the team is a whole rather than a disjointed unit. This gives the essence of a single core group that is talking to the general public. It also manifests that the team is committed and dedicated to its respective work ethics and it would not compromise on those principles however difficult the circumstances. There is also a need to appoint a leader who will do all the talking so that the fundamental message that goes out of the team is solitary. Leadership qualities require that the leader gets the best out of the group members no matter how hard and trying the circumstances are. However the role of a team leader cannot be denied its due place. Team communication guarantees that the whole team looks after each other and provides incentives to the working bases of each other. Team communication favors working as a single entity rather than working in different sub-groups which means there are problems within the team itself. The team leader is an essential part of the team – he decides who needs to do what and how things will shape up in the future. Team communication can only succeed if each and every team member knows his role and tries to justify his position within the team keeping in mind the assigned task and role. Responsibility thus have to be taken by the team members so that communication becomes easy. In the end, one must realize that team communication plays a central role towards the better functioning of team affairs and matters and it is best to have a

Mental health of children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Mental health of children - Essay Example A child’s mental health is difficult to fathom as they may not be able to explicitly express that themselves. It can be evident when the child displays anxiety, excessive mood swings, poor performance at school and similar behavioural disorders. These lead to the child becoming volatile and depressed causing discord in the family and community. There are various factors that cause disruption of a child’s mental health. The most critical factor is the biological factor as it is unpredictable and often is undiagnosed until too late. They can be caused though genetics, some form of chemical imbalance in the body or some form of damage or injury to the central nervous system. Some families have a history of mental illnesses and genetically that can be passed on to a child. Severe or critical illnesses during infancy or childhood stage can also damage the brain and cause some mental illness. (Zenah, 2009) Environmental factors that can affect a child’s mental health w ould be extreme stressful environment, exposure to violence or the loss of someone very close and dear. Divorced parents or too many times of shifting homes or the society as a whole can impact a child’s mental health.

Stylistic Techniques In Batman Returns Film Studies Essay

Stylistic Techniques In Batman Returns Film Studies Essay Tim Burton is known for his obscure and unconventional methods of film-making. His stylistic techniques, influenced by German Expressionism, are very unique. For this reason I have chosen to look at a short clip from Tim Burtons Batman Returns. Batman Returns was produced in 1991 and released in 1992. When Selina Kyle, the receptionist of Max Shreck, discovers some crooked business plans, she is thrown from the top of a building by her corrupt boss, provoking her transformation into the mysterious and mischievous character of Catwoman. The scene in which this happens is very significant to the overall narrative of the film and to the development of the character of Selina Kyle. As Selina lies in the snow after being thrown from a building, there is a cold and harsh atmosphere as many cats surround her and nibble on her hands. The bright red colour of her blood that Burton uses is a contrast to the colour of the rest of the scene, such as the grey buildings and white snow. It stands out very noticeably and is therefore more striking to the audience, creating an even greater sense of unease. As Selina enters her apartment it is clear to the audience that she is not in a sound state of mind. Selina starts to knock things over violently in her home and she starts to shred away any evidence of the woman she used to be. There is a clear sense of irony in terms of the mise-en-scà ¨ne in this scene. All of the walls in her apartment are painted pink. This gives off a sense of girlishness and innocence. These are characteristics of Selinas that will no longer be relevant to her personality. The grotesque walls and numerous stuffed toys are effective visual devices used by Tim Burton as a method of narrative. This particular use of mise-en-scà ¨ne allows the audience to see Selinas old personality and her naivety before it is all stripped away. The fact that Tim Burton chose to create a feminine and controlled setting for Selinas apartment makes her deterioration a lot more effective. Her violent behaviour and the use of props, for example, when she dishevels her stuffed toys with a kitchen knife, is a premonition of her violent behaviour which is to come. The use of this prop makes the scene a lot more shocking. Cat imagery is very evident in this scene. Not only does Selinas home become invaded by alley cats, but she also adopts the characteristics of a cat as she pours milk into her mouth carelessly and licks her lips in an animalistic manner. This truly shows her changing state of mind as the old Selina would never behave in this way. The use of contrasting colours in this scene is also very evident. Burton chooses to contrast the girlish ly pink walls with black paint which is frantically sprayed along them by a manic Selina. Through his use of visual styles and the new setting of Selinas apartment, Tim Burton has created an evil, sinister and vengeful atmosphere which coincides with Selinas creation of the evil, sinister and vengeful character, Catwoman. The lighting at the beginning of this scene, as Selina lies in the snow, is low-key and Tim Burton creates a lot of shadows, which are very reflective of his expressionist influences. Like the beginning of the scene, the lighting is also low-key in Selinas apartment. During some of the frames in this scene the lighting is placed beneath Selinas face, creating shadows which give off a sense of insincerity. There are large shadows as she charges about her apartment trashing it piece by piece with exaggerated movements creating a frightening atmosphere. The low-key lighting in this scene is further emphasised when Selina breaks the light bulbs in her home. Here I think Tim Burton is extremely successful in portraying an evil and villainous atmosphere. As she smashes the light bulbs of her neon-lit sign she transforms it from a welcoming message which used to read Hello There to an uninviting and menacing message which now reads Hell Here. The lighting in this scene becomes even dimmer t han before, signifying the completion of Selinas transformation into Catwoman and unleashing an even more hellish setting. The editing at the beginning of this scene is very slow paced. As Selina strolls into her apartment in a state of shock there is a continuous long shot. The camera pans and tracks across the apartment, following Selina around. The slow editing evokes a state of calm. As the scene progresses and Selina becomes more and more infuriated the editing becomes a lot more rapid. There are a lot more cuts and there is a greater variety of camera shots. The audience are presented with many unsettling shots from extreme close ups of Selinas face as she licks her lips frantically to close ups of her stuffed toys in her kitchen sink being destroyed in an act of aggression. These shots are excellent in portraying a sense of panic among the audience. Burton uses point of view shots as Selina begins to construct her Catwoman attire. This makes the audience feel like they are a part of the action and is successful in provoking sympathy and empathy as the audience try to relate to the feelings that Se lina is having. Much the same as the editing, the sound in the beginning of this scene is a lot more calm and slow paced until the scene reaches its climax and the music becomes a lot more frantic and loud. The use of strings is clear in this scene. The music is very low in volume to begin with and is very high pitched which gives a very eerie tone to it. There is a lot of suspense created and the whining sounds of the strings convey a feeling of tension. There is also diagetic sound in this scene such as the creaking of the door and the cat meowing. As Selina destroys her home the music becomes a lot louder and fast paced. The pitch of the music becomes low and threatening. This symbolises Selinas new found control over her life and foresees the threat that she is about to bring onto the city of Gotham. Tim Burton uses all elements of film language in this scene and throughout the film effectively to achieve his desired aims and emotions for the audience. In this scene he is very successful in showing a complete alteration from the quiet, reserved character of Selina Kyle to the dominant, sexual and ruthless character of Catwoman.